Terapias con ozono en medicina veterinaria: mecanismos de acción, aplicaciones clínicas y perspectivas basadas en la evidencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/cy2a8y73Palabras clave:
Ozono; Terapias Complementarias; Medicina Veterinaria; Estrés Oxidativo; Cicatrización de Heridas; Mastitis Bovina; Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2.Resumen
La ozonoterapia se incorporó a la práctica veterinaria por una vía atípica: no desde el ensayo controlado hacia la clínica, sino desde la medicina humana y la experiencia empírica hacia la consulta de pequeños animales, el box equino y la explotación lechera. Ese origen explica su difusión acelerada y la fragilidad del cuerpo de evidencia que la sustenta. Sistematizar críticamente la literatura publicada entre 2021 y 2025 sobre mecanismos de acción, vías de administración, aplicaciones clínicas documentadas y perfil de seguridad de las terapias con ozono en especies domésticas, delimitando qué está sostenido por datos y qué permanece en plausibilidad biológica. Se interrogaron Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, CABI Abstracts y Google Scholar con ecuaciones booleanas que combinaron descriptores de intervención (ozone, ozone therapy, ozonated oil, major autohemotherapy) con descriptores de población (dog, cat, horse, cattle, veterinary) y de desenlace clínico, en inglés, español y portugués. El sustrato mecanicista activación de Nrf2/Keap1/ARE por peróxidos lipídicos, modulación de citoquinas, incremento del 2,3-difosfoglicerato, germicidia por oxidación de envolturas cuenta con respaldo experimental sólido, mayoritariamente humano o murino. La evidencia clínica veterinaria es asimétrica: consistente en odontología, con diseños controlados y aleatorizados; razonable en heridas cutáneas y endometritis equina; preliminar en oncología mamaria canina; y prácticamente inexistente en osteoartritis canina, laminitis, leishmaniosis y babesiosis. La heterogeneidad de protocolos impide el metaanálisis. El ozono médico posee un mecanismo coherente y un margen de seguridad amplio dentro de rangos definidos, pero su traslación clínica veterinaria descansa en estudios de bajo poder estadístico. Corresponde ubicarlo como coadyuvante con indicaciones acotadas hasta que existan ensayos multicéntricos con desenlaces validados.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ramiro Fernando Quizhpi Cabrera, Eddian Humberto Mera Viera, Elsa Janeth Molina Molina, Cynthia Gabriela Ramos Grijalva (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
